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That's a great question! Since black holes don't emit any light themselves, scientists have to study them in clever, indirect ways. Here are some of the main methods they use: 1) Observing their effects on nearby matter: While black holes themselves don't emit light, the material swirling around them gets heated up and emits X-rays and other radiation that we can detect with telescopes. This helps scientists map out the behavior of matter near the black hole. 2) Gravitational lensing: Black holes have incredibly strong gravity that bends and distorts light passing nearby. By studying how light from distant galaxies is warped by a black hole's gravity, scientists can infer things about the black hole's mass and spin. 3) Observing stellar orbits: If a black hole has a companion star orbiting it, scientists can study the star's movement. The extreme gravitational pull of the black hole causes the visible star to wobble and move in a telltale way that reveals the bl